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吸烟同时嗜酒对喉咙的刺激大


作者:佚名 来源:人民网 更新:2008-9-1      复制链接发给朋友
      天津市人民医院近期对200名喉癌患者的临床调查显示,95%患者有长期吸烟史,50%以上有长期饮酒史,专家表示,现在喉癌患者数量不断增多,主要原因就是一些人难改长期大量吸烟的嗜好,尤其是吸烟同时再嗜酒对喉咙的刺激更大。

  人民医院耳鼻喉科主任刘吉祥教授说,喉癌的发病率与每日吸烟的总量、吸烟的时间成正比,长期被动吸烟亦可致癌。每日吸烟量越大、“烟龄”越长、开始吸烟的年龄越小或长期且大量吸入“二手烟”及开始吸入“二手烟”的年龄越小的人,患喉癌的危险性就越高。戒烟后,发生喉癌的危险度逐年减少,约10至12年后可以恢复到不吸烟的风险度。

  刘吉祥说,烟草可以使黏膜充血、水肿、上皮增生,成为致癌的基础。正常情况下人们的声带表面有一层薄黏液起保护和润滑作用,发声时声带黏膜上皮并不直接接触而仅以黏液层接触,一般不易发生病变。如果受到有害物质长期刺激,特别是长期大量吸烟,不仅香烟中的有害物质能够损害声带组织,而且高温度的烟雾还能很快地蒸发掉喉黏膜表面的黏液,使发声时两侧声带黏膜上皮直接接触,互相摩擦,损伤声带而发生病变。

  刘吉祥提醒说,喉癌的早期症状一般不明显,有的仅表现为咽部异物感、声嘶,很容易被误认为感冒、咽炎、支气管炎等呼吸道疾病而受到忽视。因此,凡是中年以上男性有长期的吸烟史,并且出现不明原因的声嘶、其他喉部不适时间超过3周者,应到医院进行喉镜检查。喉角化症、白斑病、成人喉乳头状瘤、慢性肥厚性喉炎都是喉癌的癌前病变,如果在吸烟、饮酒及有害气体刺激下,很可能发生癌变。对癌前病变应积极进行早期治疗并立即戒烟戒酒,因为该阶段病变是可逆的,如果治疗恰当有可能阻断病变进展过程,恢复到正常组织结构。

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